Cervical Cancer
What is cervical cancer?
The cervix is the lower, narrow end of the uterus (womb). The cervix connects the body of the uterus to the vagina (birth canal).
Cancer is when cell growth goes wrong. Abnormal cells grow and invade healthy cells in the body, and old or damaged cells don’t die when they should. Cervical cancer is when cells in the cervix grow abnormally or uncontrollably.
Are there symptoms?
Usually, there are no symptoms in early stages of cervical cancer. Symptoms often don’t begin until the cancer has grown into nearby tissue. Things like abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, pelvic pain, or swelling of the legs may happen at this stage.
These signs and symptoms may be caused by other conditions. But it’s still important to see a doctor right away if you have any of the above symptoms. Regular tests and screenings are the best way to find cervical cancer early.
You should talk to your doctor about your family and personal history. Your doctor will help determine what is best for you.
How is cervical cancer screening done?
Cervical cancer screening is simple and fast. Your doctor will use a special tool called a speculum to open your vagina. For a Pap test, they will take a small number of cells from the cervix with a brush or other tool. The cells are put into a liquid and sent to a lab for testing. For an HPV test, sometimes your doctor will use the same sample that was taken for the Pap test. Sometimes, two cell samples are taken.
What is a Pap test?
A Pap test collects cells from the cervix. The cells are checked for cancer and pre-cancer in a lab. Pap tests are also called Pap smears. Click here for more information.
Who needs a Pap test?
When is the best time to get a Pap test?
Pap tests are generally recommended every three years for women ages 21 to 65. Women age 30 and older may be able to get tested every five years if they are also being tested for HPV. But every person is different, so talk to your doctor about the best plan for you.
To help make your Pap test as accurate as possible, try to schedule your appointment at least five days after your menstrual period stops. Don’t douche or have vaginal sex for two to three days before your Pap test. Click here for more tips on how to make your Pap test as accurate as possible.
What is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)?
HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection. There are many types of HPV. HPV usually goes away on its own and doesn’t cause health problems. But when HPV doesn’t go away, it can cause health problems like genital warts and cancers.
How can I protect myself against HPV?
Get the HPV vaccine. It can help protect you against diseases, including cancers, that HPV may cause. All preteen boys and girls should get the HPV vaccine starting at age 11 or 12. Multiple doses are needed for the vaccine to be effective. Click here for more information.